Your skin is called "epithelium". The skin of your blood vessels is called "endothelium".  Your endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells.

​

Your endothelium is a large organ that plays a key role in keeping your blood moving smoothly through your body. It's made up of over a trillion endothelial cells, which release substances that aid in blood flow. Laughing on the sound "ah" can reduce its inflammation.

Where this occurs depends on the consonant. For example, if you wish to reduce blood vessel inflammation in your Right Arm you will need the consonant "zh" at the front of it, so the sound to Laugh Down on is "zhah". So try "fah" for inflammation of your cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels).

​

Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that consumption of certain flavonoid-rich beverages (purple grape juice) improves endothelial function in patients with CHD, elevated blood cholesterol, or type 2 diabetes. The colour purple, which IS the flavonoid anthocyanin, works well.

​

Endothelial dysfunction can lead to acute coronary syndrome. This combination of three different types of coronary artery disease increases the risk of plaque rupturing inside a blood vessel. A ruptured plaque can block blood flow to your heart muscle, causing a heart attack.

​

Therefore, diet consisting of high fat, especially trans-fat and saturated fat can cause endothelial dysfunction and significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. That's animal products, fast foods and fried foods.

​

The main symptom of endothelial dysfunction is chest pain (or angina) that gets worse during physical activity or times of emotional stress. Women may notice that their chest pain is worse during their menstrual period. People with endothelial dysfunction may also experience shortness of breath.

​

Supplementation with vitamins C and E improves arterial stiffness and endothelial function in essential hypertensive patients - those with constant, high blood pressure.

​

Nutrients, such as antioxidants, L-arginine, folic acid and soy protein have shown an improvement in endothelial function that can mediate, at least partially, the cardioprotective effects of these substances.

​

Endothelial regeneration starts from the leading edge of the denuded area and from the ostia of collateral arteries. This process begins within the first 24 hours after arterial denudation and ceases 6 or 10 weeks later, depending upon animal species. 

​​

And in response to regular exercise, they actually grow more blood vessels by expanding the network of capillaries. In turn, muscle cells boost levels of the enzymes that allow them to use oxygen to generate energy.

​

Endothelial dysfunction may be reversible under certain circumstances. In this example, impaired endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) in young adults with hypercholesterolemia was improved significantly by 4 weeks of treatment with l-arginine, the precursor of NO.

​

Olive oil bioactive compounds exhibited a potent capability to attenuate oxidative stress and improve endothelial function through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombotic properties, therefore reducing the risk and progression of atherosclerosis.

​

Endothelial cells possess the ability to self-proliferate and repair. Vascular endothelial injury not only affects the function of the vascular barrier and the regulatory function and secretory function of the vasodilator response, but also weakens the repair ability.

​

Endothelial inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is triggered by different cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. These events increased production of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C reactive protein (CRP).

​

Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension. Circulation.

​

Fortunately, endothelial dysfunction is often reversible. Lifestyle changes, including weight loss, diet, and cardiovascular exercise, are often enough to undo the damage.

​

In this context, certain components of the Mediterranean diet, such as virgin olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fat and phenols, have been demonstrated to improve microvascular endothelial dysfunction.

​

Endothelial cell dysfunction appears to be a reversible process. However, to date, treatment of ECD has been focused largely on ameliorating known risk factors for ACVD rather than specifically targeting endothelial-based mechanisms.

​

Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by several conditions, including diabetes or metabolic syndrome, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity. The healthy endothelium not only arbitrates endothelium-dependent vasodilation, but also actively suppresses thrombosis, vascular inflammation, and hypertrophy.

​

The ability of the endothelial cell to release relaxing factors can be upregulated by impregnation with estrogens, exercise and antioxidants, and down-regulated by oxidative stress and increased presence of oxidized LDL. Following injury or apoptotic death, the endothelium regenerates

​

Aerobic exercise, often called cardio, is excellent for arterial health. When your heart pumps faster during aerobic exercise, it pushes more blood through the arteries. This keeps the arteries wider and more flexible, reducing blood pressure and making arteries less likely to collect plaque.

​

Nutrients, such as fish oil, antioxidants, L-arginine, folic acid and soy protein have shown an improvement in endothelial function that can mediate, at least partially, the cardioprotective effects of these substances.

​

​